Women’s & Black History Months: Gladys West — Pioneer of GPS Technology

Posted on by March 7, 2024

In honor of both Women’s History Month and Black History Month, an updated repost about Gladys West.

From maps to apps to chartplotters, we all rely on GPS these days, sometimes whether we realize it or not. Ethan Siegel wrote in Forbes: Unbeknownst to most people, however, the science underlying this technology was primarily developed by two people: Albert Einstein, whose theories of special and general relativity both play an important role, and Gladys West, a still-living and largely unheralded Black woman whose scientific contributions enabled us to understand geodesy and the shape of the Earth well enough to make GPS technology possible.

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Battleship USS Texas Refloating in Drydock

Posted on by March 6, 2024

A drone video of the 110-year-old battleship USS Texas being refloated following repairs and refurbishment on the drydock at the Gulf Copper Shipyard in Galveston.  The Texas is the oldest remaining dreadnought battleship and only one of six surviving ships to have served in both World War I and World War II.

USS Texas Battleship Texas Refloating in Drydock

Women’s History Month — Remembering Winnie Breegle, WWII WAVE and Code Talker

Posted on by March 5, 2024

During Women’s History Month, it is a good time to honor Winnie Breegle who served in World War II as a WAVE (Woman Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) cryptographer and a Navajo “Code Talker”, who didn’t happen to be a Navajo. Ms. Breegle passed away at the age of 100 on January 3, 2023. An updated repost.

In 1941, Winnie Breegle, a 21-year-old farm girl from Ohio taught Latin, Spanish, and English in high school, and women with such backgrounds were highly sought after for work as coders. When she enlisted in the Navy, she was trained as a cryptographer.

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When the Mail Arrives Late — Faroese Sweater Found in Parcel from 1807

Posted on by March 4, 2024

A red traditional Faroese knit sweater was recently found in a stash of 19th-century letters at the British National Archives in their Prize Papers collection. The sweater, or jumper in British parlance, handknitted in vibrantly colored fine wool, was intended for a woman in Denmark, but never reached its destination because the vessel on which it was shipped was seized by the British Navy during the Second Battle of Copenhagen.

On August 20, 1807, carpenter Niels C. Winther from Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands put a package aboard the ship Anne-Marie. The parcel was addressed to a Mr. P Ladsen in Copenhagen and included a letter, in Danish, that said, ‘my wife sends her regards, thank you for the pudding rice. She sends your fiancé this sweater and hopes that it is not displeasing to her.’ 

Mr. Ladsen’s fiancé never received the sweater. The Anne-Marie had sailed for Denmark with its captain Jurgen S Toxsvaerd unaware that war had broken out. She was targeted by HMS Defence off the coast of Norway on September 2, 1807, the day the British began bombarding Copenhagen. The British crew boarded the ship, imprisoned Toxsvaerd and his crew, and grabbed both the cargo and the ship’s mailbox.

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Solo Orca Attacks and Kills Great White Shark in Under Two Minutes Off South Africa

Posted on by March 3, 2024

Orcas attacking and killing sharks, even great white sharks, off the coast of South Africa is nothing new. A year ago, a pair of orcas killed 17 sharks in one day in South Africa’s Pearly Bay. More recently, scientists were stunned to observe video footage of a solitary orca hunting, killing, and eating the liver of a great white shark, in an “astonishing” attack that took place in less than two minutes. Scientists said it was “unprecedented” and showed the exceptional predatory skills of killer whales.

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Update: Bulker MV Rubymar Sinks After Being Struck by Houthi Missile Almost Two Weeks Ago

Posted on by March 2, 2024

On Sunday, February 18th, anti-ship ballistic missiles, launched by Houthi rebels from Yemen, struck the MV Rubymar, a  32,211 DWT, Belize-flagged, UK-owned, and Lebanese-operated bulk carrier in the Gulf of Aden near the Bab al-Mandab Strait. The attack caused sufficient damage that the crew was forced to abandon the ship.

Today, Yemen’s internationally recognized government said that the ship had sunk in the Red Sea on Friday night. They warned that the ship’s cargo of fertilizer could pose an “environmental catastrophe” to the waterway.

The MV Rubymar is the first vessel lost since the Houthis began targeting commercial shipping in November, forcing shipping firms to divert vessels to the longer, more expensive route around southern Africa.

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Women’s History Month — Eleanor Creesy, Navigator of the Clipper Ship Flying Cloud

Posted on by March 1, 2024

On the first day of Women’s History Month, it is worth remembering Eleanor Creesy, the navigator of the clipper ship Flying Cloud, who with her husband, Captain Josiah Creesy, set world sailing records for the fastest passage between New York and San Francisco. 

Eleanor Prentiss was born in 1814, in Marblehead, Massachusetts, the daughter of a master mariner, who taught his daughter the art and science of navigation. Eleanor knew how to use a chronometer and a sextant and how to make a sight reduction. In 1841, Eleanor married Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy. The couple sailed together on the ship Oneida in the China trade. Josiah was captain of the ship but Eleanor was the navigator.

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Spanning Women’s & Black History Months: Remembering Raye Montague, Barrier-Shattering Navy Ship Designer

Posted on by February 29, 2024

Today, the 29th of February, is Leap Day, which seems to be a perfect opportunity to celebrate both February’s Black History Month and March’s Women’s History Month. As such, it is a good time to honor the memory of Raye Montague, a barrier-shattering naval engineer.

Recently, the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Carderock Division, also known as the David Taylor Model Basin, has renamed the Maritime Technical Information Center, a conference center used by Carderock employees and other government entities, as the Raye Montague Center for Maritime Technology. 

At the age of 7, Raye Montague was inspired to become an engineer after she toured a captured World War II German submarine with her grandmother.  As an African-American girl, however, she was told that becoming an engineer was simply not an option.

Thirty years later, Raye Montague became the first person to use a computer program to rapidly develop a preliminary ship design for the US Navy. The design process had previously taken the Navy two years. Montague completed the preliminary design of the Oliver Hazard Perry Class frigate in less than 19 hours. Her accomplishment revolutionized the way the Navy designs ships and submarines. 

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Black History Month — Remembering the Golden Thirteen

Posted on by February 28, 2024

Twelve of the Golden Thirteen

As Black History Month winds to a close, here is a repost of a wonderful bit of history from the Naval History and Heritage Command — the story of the Golden Thirteen.

In January 1944, there were nearly 100,000 Black Sailors in the United States Navy, but none were officers. That would change when a group of sixteen Black enlisted men were assembled at Recruit Training Center, Great Lakes, in Illinois for officer training that month.

The odds were initially stacked against them as there was still a strong sentiment within the Navy that African Americans could not succeed as officers. The normal officer training course was sixteen weeks, however, these men were expected to complete it in eight – a move that they believed was an attempt to set them up for failure.

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American Cruising Couple Feared Dead After Yacht Stolen in Grenada Prison Break

Posted on by February 27, 2024

Ralph Hendry and Kathy Brandel, who have been married for 27 years, participated in a recent sailing club rally and were spending the winter in the Caribbean. Credit…via The Salty Dawg Sailing Association

Two liveaboard cruisers, Ralph Hendry, 66, and Kathy Brandel, 71, are missing and feared dead after their 48′ catamaran Simplicity was apparently stolen during a prison escape from Grenada by three men on February 19th.  On February 21, their boat was found at anchor in neighboring St Vincent and the Grenadines with no one aboard, but showing signs of foul play.

On Monday, the Royal Grenada Police Force confirmed that three prison escapees in Grenada made their getaway after they hijacked the catamaran with Mr Hendry and Ms Brandel aboard.

“Information suggests that, while traveling between Grenada and St. Vincent, they disposed of the occupants,” Commissioner Don McKenzie of the Royal Grenada Police Force said at a news conference on Monday. 

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Mechanics of Whale Song Revealed in New Study

Posted on by February 26, 2024

Artwork indicating the cartilages of the larynx in a humpback whale. Patricia Jaqueline Matic, Vienna

For centuries, sailors heard the sounds made by whales reverberating through the hulls of wooden ships. Arctic whalers dubbed beluga whales the “canaries of the seas” for their clicks, chirps, and whistles.  Nevertheless, it was long thought that whale noises were nothing more than expressive sounds or calls. That would change in 1967 when Roger Payne was on a research trip to Bermuda, along with a naval engineer who was documenting underwater sounds while listening out for sounds of Russian submarines.

He identified these sounds as humpback and other baleen whales singing to one another. Payne would produce the album “Songs of the Humpback Whale” in 1970. Exactly how they produce these complex, often haunting, songs has remained a mystery.

Now, more than fifty years later, researchers have established the biological mechanism by which baleen whales create their songs. In a paper, published recently in the journal Nature, scientists have identified a specialized “voice box” that has evolved in humpbacks and other baleen whales that enables them to sing underwater. Continue reading →

Black History Month: Absalom Boston, Whaling Ship Captain & Merchant

Posted on by February 25, 2024

Captain Absalom Boston

Over nearly three centuries of whaling, some 175,000 men went to sea in 2,700 ships. Of the 2,500 masters who captained these ships, at least 52 were men of color. In honor of Black History Month, here is an updated repost about Absalom Boston, captain of the whaleship Industry, which sailed in 1822 with an all-black crew. 

Absalom Boston was born in Nantucket in 1785 to Seneca Boston, an African-American ex-slave, and Thankful Micah, a Wampanoag Indian woman. Absalom Boston’s uncle was a slave named Prince Boston, who sailed on a whaling voyage in 1770. At the end of the voyage in 1773, Prince Boston’s white master, William Swain, a prominent Nantucket merchant, demanded that he turn over his earnings. Boston refused. He took Swain to court and with the support of prominent whaleship owner William Rotch, won his earnings and his freedom, becoming the first slave to be set free by a jury verdict.  The impact of the lawsuit effectively ended slavery on Nantucket.

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Thomas Downing, From Son of Slaves to Oyster King of New York City

Posted on by February 23, 2024

Image: NY Public Library

In the decades before the Civil War, Thomas Downing, the son of slaves, became the acknowledged oyster king of New York City when New York was the oyster capital of the known universe.  He had learned how to rake oysters as a child on Chincoteague Island, Virginia. When he moved to New York in 1819 at the age of 28, he became an oysterman. 

There were hundreds of oyster cellars in New York City at the time, many associated with working-class bars, dance halls, and brothels. Oysters were plentiful, cheap, and thought of as a food of the lower classes.

Thomas Downing helped to change that perception, when he opened his own oyster cellar at 5 Broad Street, in the heart of the financial district, in 1825.  The restaurant was elegantly appointed with damask curtains, gold-leaf carvings, chandeliers, and mirrored hallways. Stockbrokers, attorneys, politicians, and others of the city’s elites ate raw, fried, or stewed oysters, oyster pie, fish with oyster sauce, or poached turkey stuffed with oysters.

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Black History Month: Paul Cuffe — African-American Captain, Ship Owner & Shipbuilder

Posted on by February 22, 2024

During Black History Month, it is worthwhile to remember early African-American shipmasters. Who was the first? That is hard to say. Paul Cuffe is a good candidate.  An updated repost.

Paul Cuffe was born on Cuttyhunk Island, MA on January 17, 1759, the seventh of ten children of Kofi or Cuffe Slocum and Ruth Moses. His father, a free black man, was a member of the Ashanti people of Ghana. His mother was a Native American of the Wampanoag Nation of Martha’s Vineyard. Cuffe Slocum was a skilled carpenter, farmer, and fisherman, who taught himself to read and write. In 1766, Cuffe Slocum was able to purchase a 116-acre farm in Westport, Massachusetts.

Paul Cuffe went to sea at 16 on whalers and merchant ships, where he learned navigation. During the American Revolution, his ship was captured by the British and Cuffe was imprisoned for three months in 1776 in New York. He returned home to Massachusetts and in 1779 built an open boat that he used to run the British blockade, bringing trade goods to Nantucket and ports on the Massachusetts coast.

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Hornblower Group Files for Bankruptcy Reorganization, Shuts Down American Queen Voyages

Posted on by February 21, 2024

The Hornblower Group; a diversified ferry, cruise, marine hospitality, and services organization; has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The filing is expected to help cut the company’s debt load by $720 million. The company enters bankruptcy with assets of up to $1 billion and liabilities of roughly $1.2 billion. Its debt load rose from $630 million in 2019 as the business tried to maintain liquidity during the pandemic.

In the voluntary court-supervised and pre-arranged bankruptcy, Strategic Value Partners, LLC (SVP), a global alternative investment firm, will acquire majority ownership of Hornblower in a proposed debt-for-equity swap while providing a significant equity investment in the business.

As part of the agreement, Hornblower’s overnight cruising business, American Queen Voyages (AQV) will be shut down, and sold if possible. American Queen Voyages operated the American Queen, said to be the largest river steamboat ever built, as well as the American Countess, the American Duchess, and the American Empress.

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Celebrating Washington’s Birthday — a Brief Look Back at Washington’s Navy

Posted on by February 20, 2024

Admiral Washington?

Happy Washington’s birthday, or close to Washington’s birthday, at any rate. Since 1879, the third Monday in February has been celebrated as a federal holiday in the United States in honor of the Founding Father George Washington, who led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War, presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and was elected the first US president. (In many states, the third Monday is also celebrated as “President’s Day”.)  

The third Monday was chosen to give federal employees a three-day weekend. This year the holiday fell on February 19th. George Washington was actually born on  February 11, 1731, using the Julian calendar or February 22, 1732, based on the Gregorian calendar, which was adopted by the British in 1851, causing much confusion to all concerned.

So we are close to the anniversay of Washington’s birthday, whenever you may celebrate the event, and accordingly, it seems worthwhile to look back on General George Washington’s navy of 1775 and 1776.

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Crew of Bulker MV Rubymar Abandons Ship off Yemen After Houthi Attack

Posted on by February 19, 2024

On Sunday evening, anti-ship ballistic missiles, launched by Houthi rebels from Yemen, struck the MV Rubymar, a  32,211 DWT, Belize-flagged, UK-owned, and Lebanese-operated bulk carrier in the Gulf of Aden near the Bab al-Mandab Strait. The attack caused sufficient damage that the crew was forced to abandon the ship.

US CENTCOM reported on X, that the ship issued a distress call and a coalition warship along with another merchant vessel responded to the call to assist the crew of the MV Rubymar. The crew was transported to a nearby port by the merchant vessel.

UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) agency said it had received a report of the incident from an unnamed ship about 35 nautical miles (65km) south of the Yemeni Red Sea port of Mocha. “Vessel at anchor and all crew are safe,” it said.

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Remembering Robert Smalls – Former Slave, Pilot of the Planter, First Black Captain in the US Navy & US Congressman

Posted on by February 11, 2025

Here is a story well worth retelling; an updated repost in honor of Black History Month; the remarkable story of Robert Smalls.

On May 13, 1862, Robert Smalls, a 23-year-old slave, who served as the pilot of the Confederate armed transport, CSS Planter, led eight fellow slaves in an audacious flight to freedom. They seized the CSS Planter, steamed it out past the batteries and forts of Charleston harbor, and turned it over to the Union naval blockade.  Smalls would go on to become the first black captain of a U.S. Navy vessel, a South Carolina State Legislator, a Major General in the South Carolina Militia, a five-term U.S. Congressman, and a U.S. Collector of Customs.  

Harper’s Weekly of June 14, 1862, recounts the escape:
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Black History Month — First Black Liberty Ship Captain, Hugh Mulzac, Says No To Jim Crow

Posted on by February 16, 2024

Hugh Mulzak served as the first Black Liberty ship captain in World War II. When offered the command, he refused to sail with a segregated crew. An updated repost in honor of Black History Month.

Born in 1886 on Union Island in Saint Vincent Grenadines, he went to sea at 21 and served on British, Norwegian, and American sail and steam-powered ships. After studying at the Swansea Nautical College in South Wales, he earned a mate’s license in 1910. He served as a deck officer on four ships during World War I.

In 1918, he became a naturalized US citizen and in 1920 sat for his Master’s license, earning a perfect score on the test. Despite his experience and qualifications, he was generally only able to find work aboard American ships as a messman or cook. Mulzak has been described as “the most over-qualified ship’s cook in maritime history.”

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Russian Landing Ship Caesar Kunikov Sunk Off Crimea Sunk by Ukrainian Drone ‘Wolfpack’

Posted on by February 15, 2024

Newsweek reports that Ukraine’s latest strike on Russia’s naval forces in the Black Sea was inspired by World War II submarine tactics, according to one Ukrainian military expert, as the Kremlin counts the cost of yet surprise maritime attack.

Ivan Stupak, a former officer in the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and now an adviser to the Ukrainian parliament’s national security, defense, and intelligence committee, told Newsweek on Wednesday that the overnight sinking of the Ropucha-class Caesar Kunikov landing ship took lessons from history.

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